Adventure Time in the Wetlands: 2011

Friday, May 6, 2011

Swamps!!

A swamp is any wetland dominated by woody plants. There are many different kinds of swamps, ranging from the forested Red Maple, (Acer rubrum), swamps of the Northeast, to the extensive bottomland hardwood forests found along the sluggish rivers of the Southeast. Swamps are characterized by saturated soils during the growing season, and standing water during certain times of the year. The highly organic soils of swamps form a thick, black, nutrient-rich environment for the growth of water-tolerant trees such as Cypress (Taxodium spp.), and Tupelo (Nyssa aquatica). Some swamps are dominated by shrubs, such as Buttonbush or Smooth Alder. Plants, birds, fish, and invertebrates such as freshwater shrimp, crayfish, and clams require the habitats provided by swamps. Many rare species, such as the endangered American Crocodile depend on these ecosystems as well. Swamps may be divided into two major classes, depending on the type of vegetation present:shrub swamps, and forested swamps.

Swamps serve vital roles in flood protection and nutrient removal. Floodplain forests are especially high in productivity and species diversity because of the rich deposits of alluvial soil from floods. Many upland creatures depend on the abundance of food found in the lowland swamps, and valuable timber can be sustainably harvested to provide building materials for people. (Even though they should just leave the wetlands alone).Due to the nutrient-rich soils present in swamps, many of these fertile woodlands have been drained and cleared for agriculture and other development. Over 70 percent of the Nation's floodplain forested swamps have been lost. Historically, swamps have been portrayed as frightening no-man's-lands. This perception led to the vast devastation of immense tracts of swampland over the past 200 years.

Forested swamps: Forested swamps are found throughout the United States. They are often inundated with floodwater from nearby rivers and streams. Sometimes, they are covered by many feet of very slowly moving or standing water. In very dry years they may represent the only shallow water for miles and their presence is critical to the survival of wetland-dependent species like Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa), River Otters (Lutra canadensis), and Cottonmouth Snakes (Agkistrodon piscivorus). Some of the common species of trees found in these wetlands are Red Maple and Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) in the Northern United States, Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata) and Cypress in the South, and Willows (Salix spp.) and Western Hemlock (Tsuga sp.) in the Northwest. Bottomland hardwood swamp is a name commonly given to forested swamps in the south central United States.

Shrub Swamps: Shrub swamps, are similar to forested swamps, except that shrubby vegetation such as Buttonbush, Willow, Dogwood (Cornus sp.) , and Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris) predominates. In fact, forested and shrub swamps are often found adjacent to one another. The soil is often water logged for much of the year, and covered at times by as much as a few feet of water because this type of swamp is found along slow moving streams and in floodplains. Mangrove swamps are a type of shrub swamp dominated by mangroves that covers vast expanses of southern Florida.

Information from http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/swamp.cfm
Great website for learning about what swamps and marshes and the different types of wetlands do.

Marshes

Marshes are defined as wetlands frequently or continually inundated with water, characterized by emergent soft-stemmed vegetation adapted to saturated soil conditions. There are many different kinds of marshes, ranging from the prairie potholes to the Everglades, coastal to inland, freshwater to saltwater. All types receive most of their water from surface water, and many marshes are also fed by groundwater. Nutrients are plentiful and the pH is usually neutral leading to an abundance of plant and animal life.

Marshes recharge groundwater supplies and moderate streamflow by providing water to streams. This is an especially important function during periods of drought. The presence of marshes in a watershed helps to reduce damage caused by floods by slowing and storing flood water. As water moves slowly through a marsh, sediment and other pollutants settle to the substrate, or floor of the marsh. Marsh vegetation and microorganisms also use excess nutrients for growth that can otherwise pollute surface water such as nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer. This wetland type is very important to preserving the quality of surface waters.

Information from http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/marsh.cfm
This website was quite factual on the subject of marshes. It gives you a basic feel of what marshes are and do. :)

Wetland Habitats

Wetlands are areas of standing water that support aquatic plants. Marshes, swamps, and bogs are all considered wetlands. Plant species adapted to the very moist and humid conditions are called hydrophytes. These include pond lilies, cattails, sedges, tamarack, and black spruce. Marsh flora also include such species as cypress and gum. Wetlands have the highest species diversity of all ecosystems. Many species of amphibians, reptiles, birds (such as ducks and waders), and furbearers can be found in the wetlands. Wetlands are not considered freshwater ecosystems as there are some, such as salt marshes, that have high salt concentrations—these support different species of animals, such as shrimp, shellfish, and various grasses.

A link to a website i found to be very interesting is below.It classifies wetlands according to their respective functions, values, and benefits. It gives you different examples of what entitles a wetland to be named a wetland.

http://www.tompkins-co.org/planning/nri/html_pages/DECWetlands.htm

Tuesday, April 26, 2011

The King of Hide and Seek

Common Name: Zebra Periwinkle

Scientific Name: Littorina Lineolata

Found: Our attempt to find this interesting guy was in Grand Isle

Habitat: Salt Water

Bob

Common Name: Shoal Flounder

Scientific Name: Syacium Gunteri

Found: Fourchon

Habitat: Salt Water Marshes

And this is his close cousin :)

Swamp Maple aka Red Maple

Common Name: Swamp Maple or The Red Maple

Scientific Name: Acer Rubrum

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water

Cattails

Common Name: Cattail

Scientific Name: Typha spp. L

Found: City Park and Big Branch Trips

Habitat: Fresh or Intermediate Marsh

Duck Weed

Common Name: Duck Weed

Scientific Name: Lemna Minor

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh or Intermediate Marsh

Alligator Weed

Common Name: Alligator Weed

Scientific Name: Alternanthera Philoxeroides

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water

Mr. Cuddles

Common Name: American Alligator

Scientific Name: Alligator Mississippiensis

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water

Elephantsear

Common Name: Elephantsear

Scientific Name: Colocssia Antiquorum

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water Marshes

Saw Grass

Common Name: Saw Grass

Scientific Name: Cladium Jamaicense

Found: Big Branch

Habitat: Fresh or Intermediate

Luna

Common Name: Moon Snail

Scientific Name: Polinices Duplicatus

Found: Grand Isle / On the beach

Habitat: Salt Water

Bull-Tounge

Common Name: Bull-Tounge

Scientific Name: Sagittaria Lancifolia

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water

Baldcypress

Common Name: Baldcypress

Scientific Name: Taxodium Distichum

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water Marsh

Glasswort

Common Name: Glasswork

Scientific Name: Salicornia Eurpoea

Found: Grand Isle

Habitat: Salt Marsh / Swamp

Rattle Boxes

Common Name: Rattle Boxes

Scientific Name: Sesbania Drummondii

Found: City Park

Habitat: Fresh Water

ROCKO

Common Name: Brown Pelican

Scientific Name: Pelecanus Occidentails

Found: Grand Isle

Habitat: Salt Water Areas

Nemo

Common Name: Oyster Drill

Scientific Name: Thais Haemastoma

Found: Grand Isle /On the beach/ Gulf side

Habitat: Salt Water

Yellow Foxtail

Common Name: Yellow Foxtail

Scientific Name: Setaria Glauca

Found: City Park

Habitat: Fresh Water

Dwarf Palmetto

Common Name: Dwarf Palmetto

Scientific Name: Sabal Minor

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh

Mr. T

Common Name: Diamondback Terrapin

Scientific Name: Terrapin Pileata

Found: Bayou Savage

Habitat: Salt or Intermediate Habitats

Salt Grass

Common Name: Salt Grass

Scientific Name: Distichlis Spicata

Found: Grand Isle

Habitat: Brackish

Zeek

Common Name: Pogy

Scientific Name: Brevoorita Patronus

Found: Bayou Savage

Habitat: Intermediate

Fluffy

Common Name: Alligator Snapping Turtle

Scientific Name : Macroclemys Temminickii

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water

Lucy Lou

Common Name: Gulf Killifish

Scientific Name: Fundulus Grandis

Found: Fourchon

Habitat: Intermediate

Teddy

Common Name: Green Tree Frog

Common Name: Hyla Cinerea

Found: Manshack

Habitat: Fresh Water Swamp/ Marsh

"Vegitation"

Common Name:

Scientific Name:

Found:

Habitat:

Chip the Chipper Chirper

Common Name: Redwing Blackbird

Scientific Name: Agelaius Phoeniceus

Found: Lumcon / Fourchon

Habitat: Salt Water Marshes/ Swamps

Iris

Common Name: Iris

Scientific Name: Iris Viginica

Found: Manshack

Habitat:Fresh Water

Sedges Have Edges :)

Common Name: Sedges

Scientific Name:

Found: Grand Isle

Habitat: Salt
I WASNT EXACTLY SURE THAT THIS WAS A SEDGE BUT I REMEMBER YOU TELLING ME THE TERM " SEDGES HAVE EDGES" WHEN WE LOOK AT THEM SO SEDGE WAS MY BEST GUESS :)